The Science Behind Hypnosis

The Science Behind Hypnosis

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Hypnotherapy is a highly effective method for reducing your stress levels, generating personal motivation, and increasing your happiness in life. The science behind hypnosis is founded on four key discoveries in neurobehaviour and learning, which enable a more scientific understanding of the mind. There is an abundance of scientific proof that hypnosis works, meaning that any time an experiment is performed correctly it will achieve the same result.

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Hypnotherapy is supported by four key discoveries in neuroscience:

1. Neurolinguistics
translation: brain-language
Our brains respond subconsciously, and very powerfully, to certain words that have personal symbolic meaning to us. If we know what words to use, we can use neurolinguistics to program a desired behaviour.
Full Article: Neurolinguistics and Suggestibility in Affirmations

2. Neuroplasticity
translation: intelligent learning
Neural networks in the brain are not “hard wired”, they can change. A negative self belief or an unhealthy habit can be replace by a positive self belief or healthy habit, through specialised practice.
Full Article: Neuroplasticity – The Neuroscience of Hypnotherapy

3. Psychoacoustics & FFR
translation: the mind is effected by sounds
In certain situations where a “Frequency-Following Response” (FFR) can be created, the synapse firing rate in the brain “follows” the frequency that we hear or feel. The brain synchronises its firing rate with that frequency, and thus can be led to fire at a desired frequency.
Full Article: Psychoacoustics & the Frequency-Following Response in Hypnosis

4. Psychoneuroimmunology
translation: mind, nervous system, and immune system are connected
Thoughts and emotions have a measurable effect on the function of the nervous system, the immune system, and physical well being. When we control our thoughts and beliefs through hypnosis we can accelerate healing.
Full Article: Psychoneuroimmunology and Hypnotherapy

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How The Science Is Applied:

1. In your first session, we decide on the solutions to your problems, then we write your affirmation – the program for the behaviour pattern you desire – using your personal symbolic vocabulary [applied neurolinguistics]

2. In hypnosis, you train with your new program using an 8Hz sound frequency [applied psychoacoustics and neuroplasticity]

3. After hypnosis you record your affirmation. I will then create your 20 minute self hypnosis track from your recording, with the 8 Hz frequency as a backing (the same brain-state as dreaming), and email it to you. You can listen to it as much as you can [applied psychoacoustics, neuroplasticity, and neurolinguistics]

4. Generally, 6 to 8 sessions, one a week, gives you the repetition you need to work through any resistance, defence mechanisms, or fear, and eases you into your experience of increased well being and happiness psychologically, emotionally, and physically [applied psychoneuroimmunology].

Remember that you will be learning a new way of thinking, which is very similar to learning a new language. Hypnotherapy is not magic, and I am not a witch 🙂 It’s real science, and rapid, highly effective training.

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Many of my clients prefer to see me via Skype or Google Chat!
Check availability here.

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Original article: http://andy-wilding-hypnotherapy-cape-town.com/the-science-behind-hypnosis/

Special Report – Survey Results! 10 Reasons Why You Should Invest in Hypnotherapy

Take the test here

Is your happiness a luxury or a necessity?

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By Andrew Wilding

In November 2014 I created a public survey to research a concept called the Happiness Quotient – each person’s potential for happiness. From observing clients in my hypnotherapy practice since 2010 I have noticed that happiness seems to be determined by what we believe about ourselves, and we are therefore able to change how happy we are by changing our beliefs. What I discovered from reading the results of the survey has completely changed my approach to personal development. If you are interested in statistics and you have an analytical mind I think you will enjoy these 10 reasons why you should invest in hypnotherapy:

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  1. There is a 90% chance that you already know what is holding you back
  2. Most people (85%) already know what makes them happy
  3. 57% Say lack of direction is the biggest problem
  4. Only 50% take action in doing what makes them happy
  5. Only 50% believe that their happiness is a necessity
  6. Struggling to earn enough money: 42%
  7. Anger, can’t forgive a person or people: 28%
  8. Anxiety, feeling like you can’t cope: 26%
  9. Depression, feeling like you don’t want to carry on: 23%
  10. Choosing the wrong person in a relationship: 21%

 

1. THERE IS A 90% CHANCE THAT YOU ALREADY KNOW WHAT IS HOLDING YOU BACK
The number one reason why people invest in hypnotherapy is that subconsciously, we understand our problems for better than we do consciously. Understanding your obstacle may seem obvious, but this information is essential in order to make the improvements that you would like to see in your life. Most people find it hard to put their obstacle into words, so this survey was designed to make things easier for you by clarifying exactly what it is that is holding you back from having a successful and fulfilling year in 2015.

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2. MOST PEOPLE (85%) ALREADY KNOW WHAT MAKES THEM HAPPY
Again, we may not be aware of it consciously, but the chances of knowing what makes you happy are extremely high. Most people have a natural pessimism what it comes to happiness, with the belief that if you do not have high expectations you can not be disappointed. But even this “sensible” kind of pessimism actually influences your life in a negative way. If we do not allow ourselves to believe that we can have what we want, we will never allow ourselves to pursue our dreams. We can miss a lot of perfectly good opportunities in life simply by trying to be “realistic”. Discovering what you desire subconsciously means that you can make real plans to achieve it.

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3. 57% SAY LACK OF DIRECTION IS THE BIGGEST PROBLEM
Knowing what you want and understanding why you don’t have it gives you a platform from which you can start practising ways to overcome your obstacle, but how do you do that? Even if you know what you want, you still need to know how to get there, and this is where hypnosis can be so useful in rehearsing your new direction until you remember it subconsciously, so that you always know where you are going.

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4. ONLY 50% TAKE ACTION IN DOING WHAT MAKES THEM HAPPY
Some people still regard quantum physics as too “airy fairy” or idiotic because they do not understand it – and this is the way of science, from Copernicus to Hawking – but even if you struggle with the concept that your thoughts and emotions can cause things to happen for you, action is pretty basic: “Did you do it or did’nt you?” Surprisingly 90% of us already know what makes us happy, even though we may not be consciously aware it. One of the most common uses of hypnotherapy is to provide motivation to take action, focused on doing what makes you happy.

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5. ONLY 50% BELIEVE THAT THEIR HAPPINESS IS A NECESSITY
The key word hear is BELIEVE. Regardless of how much or little you earn, believing that you deserve to be happy is a learned behaviour. Much of your personality traits are learned in childhood before you develop critical thinking, but the discovery of neuroplasticity (brain can “rewire” itself) means that you can learn new behaviours and beliefs. If you have been brought up to believe that happiness is a luxury, you can use hypnosis to bypass your critical thinking, and let the idea that you deserve happiness grow into a natural habit.

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6. STRUGGLING TO EARN ENOUGH MONEY: 42%
Hypnosis to increase income is a highly contentious claim. Quantum physics is still very new to our understanding, and triggers our natural defences to filter out pseudo-scientific hocus-pocus. But the science is solid: how you think and what you believe effects how much money you can earn. There are some outstanding training methods for focussing your thoughts positively to “attract” wealth, but they only address your attitude. They are not magic – they don’t just “manifest” wealth for you. These training methods motivate you to work harder and better and smarter at your job to get real benefits and bonuses and promotions. The quantum physics come in where these methods “attract” wealth. This means that you can employ the law of quantum physics (your thoughts and emotions can cause things to happen for you) to increase the number of opportunities that come your way, as well as the rand value of those opportunities, by using a specialised mental training program. Doing this training in hypnosis is more efficient than the normal way, because hypnosis bypasses your critical thinking which would otherwise sabotage everything you are trying to learn.

If you still doubt all this quoting of quantum physics to claim to be able to help people make money, ask any highly successful person how important positive thinking is to them.

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7. ANGER, CAN’T FORGIVE A PERSON OR PEOPLE: 28%
We tend to be quite unforgiving when it comes to anger. It helps to remember that anger is a defence and it always has a valid reason. The reason is usually not logical, and it seldom fits your idea of who you want to be, but the reason we get angry is so that we will not get hurt any more. Most people think anger is powerful but in fact it is the result of losing our power, and feeling that we have to compensate so that we are not taken advantage of, or steam-rolled, or downtrodden. Overcoming anger is a process of self empowerment, self respect, boundary setting, and communication. Using hypnotherapy, you can set yourself up as a calm administrator of your life, where you are in a position of true power. You can then choose to punish or pardon a person who has wronged you, or simply forget that they exist. Whatever you choose, the result is that you are able to wash your hands and leave that person to sort out their problem. When you are in control, other people have no say over how you think, or who you are.

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8. ANXIETY, FEELING LIKE YOU CAN’T COPE: 26%
Don’t be fooled by this low figure of 26%, many people have this problem without realising it. Anxiety is the reptilian brain’s fight response, when it can not win. Defence mechanisms trigger when we are in danger or feel threatened. Because they are essentially animal responses, they usually do not make logical sense to our rational understanding, but they are there to protect us. Anxiety can occur from overload at work. The reptilian fight defence kicks in, but we can not fight, so we start to feel extremely anxious. In hypnosis you can approach your inner animal like a skilled horse-whisperer, always respecting it’s space, and calmly reminding it that you’re actually okay. I use a meditation technique for this, that works every time. It progressively reduces anxiety and teaches you how to control it.

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9. DEPRESSION, FEELING LIKE YOU DON’T WANT TO CARRY ON: 23%
Again, a lot of people have this problem without realising it. (These figures reflect the reasons why people register, and not their actual psychological state. The actual figures for anxiety and depression are much higher.) Your Cerebellum (reptilian brain) only knows two options when it thinks you are in danger – fight or flight (run away). Depression is the other side of the coin from anxiety. In the example of overload at work, your response might be to try to escape – hiding in your office trying not to be noticed; going out with friends, drinking, denying the problem – because actually running away from work may not be an option for you. Meanwhile, your inner animal still feels frightened, and pretty soon escaping does’nt work any more, or you start needing to drink a little more, and this starts to feel a bit like depression. We use the time in hypnosis to motivate you to make the changes you need and remove the stress in your life, but a lot has to happen from your side. You will have homework, and self hypnosis plays a major part. Your hypnosis sessions are like meetings to make sure you are staying on track, taking action and making the changes you need, and keeping focussed on the good things in life that you can enjoy regularly.

Clinical depression can be treated in exactly the same way. Remember that depression is a feeling, and feelings are hormones. For this reason, psychiatric drugs have a certain degree of success – without even talking about the problem or solution, you take a pill that contains instructions for the hormones in your body, and you feel different. (The down-side is you are not being shown how to control your feelings, so you are reliant on a drug.) Your body changes its hormone balance all the time – you feel hungry, you feel sleepy, you feel happy you feel sad, all are just hormones. When you do something you love doing, your body releases hormones that make you feel good, no drugs required. When you remove the stress from your life or your thoughts, your hormones change and depression lifts. It is’nt magic, just chemistry.

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10. CHOOSING THE WRONG PERSON IN A RELATIONSHIP: 21%
This will seem counter-intuitive: How can you change your relationships by changing yourself – what about the other person? It’s true, changing your self will not change the other person, but the reason why relationships have so much to do with how you see yourself, is because you are the one who chooses the other person! How you see yourself can produce total opposites in your choice of partner, for example if you are down and out, you are going to “settle” for someone who may have very little emotional intelligence, common interests, etc, they are just available and it’s very circumstantial. After a while you start FEELING BETTER ABOUT YOURSELF and you look at this person and see someone who does’nt know you, does’nt seem to care about you, treats you indifferently or badly, and you think “What’s wrong with me! I always choose the wrong people in relationships!” It’s just a simple example, of course life is far more complicated, but hypnosis for self confidence really helps you to have a clear idea about what is important for you, not only in terms of what you need right now, but also in terms of what you know you are going to need in the future. With this in mind, you can be more discerning about who you choose to get involved with.

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Take the Happiness Test:

Original Article:

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Related articles that may be of interest to you:

The Science Behind Hypnosis

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Hypnotherapy is a unique method for increasing your happiness in life, reducing your stress levels, and generating personal motivation. The science behind hypnosis is founded on key discoveries in neurobehaviour and learning, which enable a more scientific understanding of the mind. There is an abundance of scientific proof that hypnosis works, meaning that any time you do an experiment you will get the same result.

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Andrew Wilding Neural Behavioural Networks

Brain scientists tell us that, anywhere between 1 and 30 times a second, your neurons (brain cells) connect into tree-like formations within your brain, called neural networks.

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Hypnotherapy is supported by 4 key discoveries in neuroscience:

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1. Neurolinguistics

translation: brain-language
Our brains respond subconsciously, and very powerfully, to certain words that have personal symbolic meaning to us. If we know what words to use, we can use neurolinguistics to program a desired behaviour.

Neurolinguistics and Suggestibility in Affirmations >

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2. Neuroplasticity

translation: intelligent learning
Neural networks in the brain are not “hard wired”, they can change. A negative self belief or an unhealthy habit can be replace by a positive self belief or healthy habit, through specialised practice.

Neuroplasticity – The Neuroscience of Hypnotherapy >

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3. Frequency-Following Response (FFR)

translation: literal
In certain situations where an FFR can be created, the synapse firing rate in the brain “follows” the frequency that we hear or feel. The brain synchronises its firing rate with that frequency, and thus can be led to fire at a desired frequency.

432 Hz Frequency-Following Response in Hypnosis >

4. Psychoneuroimmunology

translation: mind, nervous system, and immune system are connected
Thoughts and emotions have a measurable effect on the function of the nervous system, the immune system, and physical well being. When we control our thoughts and beliefs through hypnosis we can accelerate healing.

Psychoneuroimmunology and Hypnotherapy >

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Continue reading…

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Real Hypnosis Online

 

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Does Online Hypnotherapy work?

By Andrew Wilding

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To understand how it is possible to experience real hypnosis via an online video call like Skype or Google Chat, let’s define what hypnosis really is:

 

  • The brain functions in deeper states of consciousness – Alpha or Theta state – slower than conscious thought
  • The linguistic phrasing of hypnotic suggestions is delivered in such a way as to sound agreeable, and avoid raising any argument
  • The hypnotic state of receptivity can be accentuated with the correct use of techniques such as binaural beats and isochronic tones, to active the brain’s frequency-following response [FFR]
  • The more you desire to experience the suggestions you are receiving in hypnosis, the more profound your reaction will be

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When you think about it –

why should it matter where you are when this occurs?

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I have been using Skype and Google Chat for over a year, and I am finding that people with very little “spiritual experience” can quite easily let go of trying to decide whether or not to follow the suggestions, and begin to explore where they are going, and in this way, you can go into hypnosis exactly as if you were in your Hypnotherapist’s room. Using ear phones, the soundtrack of binaural beats and isochronic tones provides a frequency-following response for your brain to maintain a state of receptively for the duration of your treatment, and with your eyes closed, it really doesnt matter where you are. Reclining in a comfortable chair at home, having assured that you will not be disturbed, you are able to do the mental training you desire in the receptive state of hypnosis, without having to leave your house.

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Setting Up Online Hypnosis

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The two easiest options are Skype and Google Chat.

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If you do not have Skype, and you do not have a Gmail account, the easiest way is to set up Google Chat. It takes about 5 minutes.

  • Fill in your details and existing email account, click next step, follow the prompts
  • Open your existing email account, click the link to your gmail account
  • Continue the setup described here, from “Online Hypnotherapy Using Google Chat”

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Online Hypnotherapy Using Skype

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Skype Hypnosis

  • Open Skype from your computer and type in andrew.nbsr into the search bar
  • Click Search Directory
  • Click Andrew Wilding | andrew.nbsr | ZA
  • Click Add Contact

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Continue reading >

 

Online Hypnotherapy & Past Life Regression

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Can you experience real hypnosis online?

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Back in 2013 I did a past life regression online with Maria, a friend I have in Alaska, via Skype. Before this, I would never have suggested hypnotherapy or past life regression online, because I thought it would be difficult to get hypnotized and connect with the experience, but because she is a friend I agreed to do the regression. Her experience was one of the most genuine I have ever seen.
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Using a Skype video call, she went into hypnosis, did the arm-raising, met her guide, and regressed to four of her past lives that answered her questions and clarified the decisions she was struggling to make about how to move forward in her life.

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“Thank you, I have been shifting through strong emotions quicker than usual, which I know from my practice is an indication that some strong response is on its way out. Since the session I have had therapeutic pulse (When emotional experiences gets released from the physical tissue) at my back, left solar plexus area.”

Maria

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To understand how it is possible to experience real hypnosis via an online video call, let’s define what hypnosis really is:

 

  • The brain functions in deeper states of consciousness – Alpha or Theta state – slower than conscious thought
  • The linguistic phrasing of hypnotic suggestions is delivered in such a way as to sound agreeable, and avoid raising any argument
  • The hypnotic state of receptivity can be accentuated with the correct use of techniques such as binaural beats and isochronic tones, to active the brain’s frequency-following response [FFR]
  • The more you desire to experience the suggestions you are receiving in hypnosis, the more profound your reaction will be

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When you think about it –

why should it matter where you are when this occurs?

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Since Maria’s experience I have been using Skype and Google Chat more frequently, and I am finding that people with very little “spiritual experience” can quite easily let go of trying to decide whether or not to follow the suggestions, and begin to explore where they are going, and in this way, you can go into hypnosis exactly as if you were in your Hypnotherapist’s room. Using ear phones, the soundtrack of binaural beats and isochronic tones provides a frequency-following response for your brain to maintain a state of receptively for the duration of your treatment, and with your eyes closed, it really doesnt matter where you are. Reclining in a comfortable chair at home, having assured that you will not be disturbed, you are able to do the mental training you desire in the receptive state of hypnosis, without having to leave your house.

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Continue reading…

Fears & Phobias

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Fear is Logical

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Fear is your subconscious primordial state of noticing that things are going wrong, and that you are running out of options.

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When your mind has exhausted all ideas for action, you feel paralysed because you don’t not know what to do. Fear is the unknown. Not knowing makes us helpless when things go wrong.

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But fear is actually very rational. Your subconscious mind uses previously accumulated information (accurate or otherwise) to decide whether a situation is safe or dangerous, and based on your past experiences, you feel safe or fearful. An incident of near drowning may cause a rational fear of water or swimming.

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Phobia is Illogical

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Phobias occur when your subconscious mind associates a certain non-related object, place, or animal with an actual fearful experience, which has been forgotten.

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In order to remember important information about your environment, your subconscious mind represents forgotten fearful events as symbols, hence the tenet: phobias are irrational.

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A person with a phobia for water, may in the past have experienced stomach cramps and panic while swimming, due to having eaten too much prior to swimming. The person forgets or dose not understood the reason for the cramps, and only remembers the feeling of panic, which in the subconscious mind, is symbolised by large expanses of water. The resulting behaviour is an anxious, phobic reaction when any suggeson is made involving lakes or swimming pools.

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Fearful and phobic behaviour is debilitating. You may have to avoid certain activities that are important for your life style or that you would usually enjoy, like swimming, flying, or driving. Sometimes unconnected activities that you used to find enjoyable can become subconsciously associated with your phobia. In this case, the feeling of anxiety seems to spread to these other areas of your life, and depression may result.

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Continue reading…

Exam Stress

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Even if you know your subject and you prepared well, anxiety or panic during an exam can block information from your conscious mind, resulting in an unfair score instead of an accurate measure of your ability.

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Exams judge you, regardless of your performance before or after the test. Subconsciously, your mind sees an exam in primordial terms: What you are doing is familiar, but this time the consequences are more serious than usual.

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In your wild subconscious mind, you know how to balance, walking along a fallen tree trunk on the ground. Some time later in life, you may have your skill tested by crossing a river using a fallen tree as a bridge. During an exam, your subconscious mind triggers adrenaline, to increase awareness, balance, and body strength, but this is of little benefit to you, sitting in an exam hall. In fact, it increases the problem: the enforced lack of movement causes anxiety – hence fidgeting or leg bouncing. Adrenaline and anxiety block the memory from functioning. And then:

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I panicked!

I knew the work but my mind went blank!

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If this has ever happened to you, your subconscious mind remembers the experience, and anticipates the same anxiety in your next exam. Anticipatory anxiety actually creates anxiety out of nothing but fear.

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This is a subconscious survival strategy designed to for-warn you about what is to come, but it doesn’t help with your studying!

 

  • It makes studying very difficult, the mind wonders, you become easily distracted
  • You put off studying until the last minute
  • You then have even more anxiety in the exam because you have not been able to study
  • The cycle repeats, gaining momentum every time

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The only way to break the cycle is:

 

  • learning and applying the skill of directing your mind
  • re-establish good recall and efficient access to your memory
  • overcoming your anxiety and anticipatory anxiety by learning a new habit

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The NBSR treatment of exam stress

 

 Continue reading…

NBSR Hypnotic Sound Recordings, Durban

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Having an affirmation is great – if you use it every day. Do you sit and close your eyes and spend 10 minutes visualising, working on The New You every day?

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What would you do if you were offered a business opportunity with a Chinese company, and you knew it would be a great advantage if you spoke enough Mandarin for greetings and small talk?

  • First prize would be a teacher, close second, and you would probably do them both, would be a CD
  • Listening to the language over and over, it becomes familiar to you
  • Speaking the language every day, you would never forget it

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Your brain needs to repeat a new circuit for it to become a habit. When you teach yourself to be more calm, or more motivated, it’s just like learning a new language – and you can do this by listening to your affirmation from your phone.

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Hypnosis and Effective Affirmations

Hypnosis allows information to bypass the firewall of your critical thinking, and become accepted by your subconscious mind. In most cases, hypnosis is necessary, because your subconscious is very protective over your belief systems. For a belief to change, neuro-plasticity requires the formation of a new circuit, which can only happen with the acceptance of the subconscious defences. If the new belief is perceived in any way to be a threat to your existing belief systems, your mind will defend itself, and reject the new belief, even if it was highly beneficial, or enabled your survival.

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The easiest way to achieve hypnosis is to be hypnotised by a professional Hypnotherapist. Self hypnosis is equally effective, but takes some practice. There are also some tools one can use to deepen hypnosis, and to stabilize the state.

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Continue reading…

 

Biocentrism & Sound Hypnosis

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“We’re not measuring the world, we’re creating it”

Niels Bohr

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As Newton’s critics denied the explanation of gravity, unaware of the force that was holding them on the ground, so do the critics of non-dualism deny the explanation that consciousness influences our reality, unaware of the forces and causality of their own thoughts.

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Thousands of years before the development of computers enabled the exponential growth of mathematical algorithms and theoretical physics, sages knew that this world is an illusion, and that if we know how, we can change the rules. Sages were healers because they could “do magic”.

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But that’s so mystical. And who cares? What does it mean? Can I use it?

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Are you calm, and motivated in your life? If not, why not?

  • money’s tight
  • work is stressing me
  • I have no time
  • a bear ate my homework

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These are all great excuses, but if you struggle with motivating yourself, and if you find yourself worrying a lot, you will not find a sustainable solution “outside”. You have to look inside, and be all mystical.

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Merging the dualities of science and mysticism, Robert Lanza presents the role of consciousness in creating reality from his field of Advanced Cell Technology. His theory of Biocentrism reinforces the paradigm shift that everyone is writing and talking about:

  • from viewing our thoughts as inconsequential to what we observe,
  • to acknowledging the influence of thoughts on what we observe.

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He points out a number of startling truths:

  • Over 200 parameters in the universe are exactly perfect, to enable life to exist. Any one of an infinite number of variations in the physics of the universe would make life impossible
  • Your environment is observed by circuits in your brain, which are not hard wired, they can change. Neuro-plasticity is the ability for your brain to develop new beliefs and to think differently
  • “Not a single particle exists with real properties until it its observed. All of experience is just information that is occurring inside your mind, and space and time are the mind’s tools for putting it all together”

Robert Lanza

 

 Continue reading…

Communication And Motivation In The Workplace – Motivational Speakers In Durban

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What do communication and motivation in the workplace have in common?

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“Andrew’s unique experience in personal development coaching identifies him amongst the most specialised motivational speakers in Durban.”

Sarita Herman, CEO Energy Supplements

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It’s easy to forget that companies are made up of people. When communication between you and your romantic partner is strained, as it may be if you try to make things work long distance, you will notice two things:

  • first – the relationship is more difficult,
  • second – exactly what you say becomes extremely important.

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The reality is so familiar that we often do not see it –

exactly what you say is always extremely important!!

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When you communicate with your colleagues and staff, everything you say has an effect, although it may not be the effect that you were going for…

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How do you communicate?

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COMMUNICATION TYPE YOUR WORDS WHAT THE OTHER PERSON HEARS HOW THE OTHER PERSON FEELS EFFECTIVE?
1. ASSERTIVE “I … me … it” “This is how I feel, these are my concerns” Interested, caring, optimal understanding YES
2. AGGRESSIVE “You” “You need to listen to me because you are wrong and I am right” Attacked, need to defend, argumentative NO
3. PASSIVE [silence] “I am not important or valuable” Powerful, domineering, authoritative NO
4. PASSIVE AGGRESSIVE “No, fine” “Go ahead, you’ll see. I will punish you if you do that” Confused, then hurt, then angry NO


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> Continue reading: Communication And Motivation In The Workplace – Motivational Speakers In Durban